Friday, January 24, 2020

The Complexity of Arnold-Chiari Malformation :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Complexity of Arnold-Chiari Malformation To the medical doctor, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, which may have a genetic link, is characterized by a small or misshapen posterior fossa (the depression in the back of the skull), a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid pathways and a protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils through the bottom of the skull (foramen magnum) into the spinal canal resulting in a multitude of sensory-motor problems and even some autonomous malfunctions (1). These many symptoms can come in a variety of forms which often makes a clinical diagnosis difficult. To the patient this disorder can present not only physical difficulties but also mental distress. Treatment options and their success rates vary widely, and proponents of the cause are demanding more recognition, research, and success. The study of Arnold-Chiari malformations can lead to additional questions and new understandings about the I-function, sensory-motor input/output paths and the general make-up of the brain and nervous system, but a complete und erstanding of the disorder may be a long time coming. Impairment and sometimes loss of motor control of the body and its extremities is one of the many effects of this disorder. Patients may complain of headaches, neck pain, coughing, sneezing, dizziness, vertigo, disequilibrium, muscle weakness, balance problems, and loss of fine motor control (1). The senses (hearing, sight, smell etc.) may also be affected in deleterious ways. On can have blurred vision, decreased sensation of limbs, unable to locate them without looking, decreased sense of taste, ringing of the ears etc. (2). Two ideas about the nervous system that can be better understood from these observations are the concepts of having and locating the I-function. It seems that the I-function here is very often affected in terms of voluntary movement. A person with Arnold-Chiari malformation who has lost the feeling in and control of his arm for example will not be able to move it even upon someone's request and his or her own desire to do so. Some use of the I-function is definitely impaired. However, these observations do not seem to necessarily imply that some part of the I-function was damaged, because it may very well be located elsewhere- connections may have simply been lost. A person with Arnold-Chiari can still think and have a sense of self, but somehow can not connect with the various body parts that can be affected. Some uses and pathways of the I-function can be understood, but the exact location of it remains vague.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Gainesboro Machine Tools Corporation †Essay Essay

Executive Summary Gainesboro Corporation was a company who designed and manufactured a number of machinery parts, including metal presses, dies, and molds. The company was found in 1923 in Concord, New Hampshire, by two mechanical engineers, James Gaines and David Scarboro. The two men had gone to school together and were disenchanted with their prospects as mechanics at a farm equipment manufacturer. In the 1940’s Gainesboro produced armored-vehicle and tank parts and miscellaneous equipment for the war effort. And then in the early 1980’s, they focused on manufacturing machinery parts, war equipment, and now entered new field of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Objective Ashley Swenson, chief financial officer (CFO) in mid-September 2005 needed to submit recommendation to Gainesboro’s board of directors regarding the company’s dividend policy. The Gainesboro’s stock also fallen 18%to $22.15 due to post impact of the Hurricane Katrina. Now, Ashley Swenson’s dividend decision problem was compounded by the dilemma of whether to use company funds to pay shareholder dividends or to buy back stock. Analysis >>Buy-back Stock Stock Price per share = $22.15 Net income in year 2005 = $18,018,000 Number of shares = 18,600,000 shares (assumed number in year 2004 is still the same with year 2005) Earnings per share = $0.98 Price to earnings ratio ( P/E Ratio)=(Price per share)/EPS P⠁„E Ratio=22.15/0.98=22.6 Number of retired shares=(Net income)/(Price per share) Number of retired shares=18,018,000/22,15=813,453.72≈813,454 Therefore, number of shares outstanding =18,600,000-813,454=17,786,546 shares Then we can calculate the new EPS after repurchase stock, Earnings per Share (EPS) =(Net income)/(Number of shares) EPS =$18,018,000/17,786,546=$1,013 Thus, the new market price is =EPS x PE Ratio=1.013 x 22.6=$22.89 It can be seen that by buying back the stock, the market price can increase for 3.34%. >Pay shareholders dividend a. Zero dividend payout Policy This policy required the company will not pay dividend from 2005 to 2011.In the year 2005, The company expenditure was about $63.3 million dollars but the amount of the total sources was only $40 million, so in order to balanced the company financial condition, the company borrowed $22.7 million. The same thing was also happened in 2006, the company borrowed $7.3 million (total expenditure $72.8 million –total source $65.5 million). From 2007 to 2011, the company excess cash are positive ($4.2, $11.5, $29.4, $27.2, $77.6) million, these situation happened because the total expenditure remained lower than the company total source, so the company did not have to borrowing needs. So, by sum all of the excess cash and the borrowed money data from 2005 to 2011, we can calculate that the company total excess cash is $120 million. This kind of policy has the best impact on company’s financial condition because of the absence of dividend that will reduce the company’s retained earnings. Retained earning posses a greater role to make sure the company runs smoothly in the future by using minimum portion of debt required on a project, reflected in the industrial zero-dividend payout ratio. b. 40% dividend Payout From data in exhibit 8, 40% dividend payout means that the company will pay dividend 40% from net income from year 2005 to 2011. This results and the total excess cash for borrowing needs from 2005 to 2011 is ($95.1) million. The company will do borrowing from year 2005 to 2010. Amount of money borrowed respectively, ($29.9), ($23.3), ($18.8), (17.6), ($7.2), and ($12.0). All of the value comes from deduction of the total expenditures to  the total sources. Year 2011 the company will get $13.6 million excess cash ($212.5 million – $134.9 million). $134.9 million is from the total expenditures (capital expense + change in working capital). And $212.5 million comes from the total sources (net income + depreciation). By sum up all of values (excess cash and borrowed money) from year 2005 to 2011 we get the total cash flow of ($95.1) million. By raise dividend payout from 31.4% in 2004, 140,784(Net income)/0.25(dividend per share) to 40% company need excess cash 95.1 million; only in 2011 the company gain profit. The following is the calculation table: c. Residual-payout Dividend The following is the calculation for the residual-dividend payout: By applying residual payout policy, at the total of excess cash from year 2005 to year 2011, Gainesboro still experiences negative cash. It means they will still have to borrow extra cash to pay the dividend. Conclusion and Recommendation Based on the market price value, EPS, and P/E Ratio calculation, the company’s stock will have higher market price if they buy back the stock. Therefore, it’s recommended to buy back stock instead of paying dividend. It is also supported by the comparison between zero payout dividend, 40% payout ratio, and residual-payout. The best ending cash the company has is when they do zero payout ratio, which means they don’t give dividend at certain years. Since, to pay the dividend they will have borrowing need forcing them to increase the debt level. Meanwhile, they current debt level is already higher than the maximum level management expect which is 40%. The year 2005 debt to equity ratio is 140%. Also, without paying dividend, the company still can attract investors. It is shown from the P/E ratio that is in average if compared to other similar companies.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Psy/315 Week 1 Worksheet - 923 Words

University of Phoenix Material- Instructor: Mesha Mathis Week 1 Practice Worksheet Prepare a written response to the following questions. Chapter 1 1. Explain and give an example for each of the following types of variables: a. Nominal: Measurement where a number is assigned to represent something or someone else. An example of nominal could be credit card numbers, social security numbers, or zip codes. b. Ordinal: Measurement that shows the order or rank of items. An example of ordinal could be ranking places in a contest, or test scores. c. Interval: Measurements that do not have a true zero and are composed of equal units. An example of interval could be temperature as†¦show more content†¦|15-19 | |Forms of Bullying |N |% | |Electronic victims |41 |48.8 | | |Text-message victim |27 |32.1 | | |Internet victim (websites, chatrooms) |13 |15.5 | | |Picture-phone victim |8 |9.5 | |Traditional Victims |60 |71.4 | | |Physical victim |38 |45.2 | | |Teasing victim |50 |59.5 | | |Rumors victim |32 |38.6 | | |Exclusion victim |30 |50 | |Electronic Bullies |18 |21.4 | | |Text-message bully |18 |21.4 | | |Internet bully |11 |13.1Show MoreRelatedPsy/315 Week 1 Worksheet Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Week 1 Practice Worksheet Prepare a written response to the following questions. Chapter 1 1. Explain and give an example for each of the following types of variables: a. Nominal: This is a measurement that has a number assigned to show something or someone else, an example of this would be one’s social security number. b. Ordinal: This is a measurement that represent the order of a particular stat. A good example of this would the placement